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C00002 00002	There are three  handouts. The first  handout gives standard  proofreading
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There are three  handouts. The first  handout gives standard  proofreading
symbols.  Using  these symbols  will allow  others to  understand  editing
notes.  The  other  two  handouts are  titled  Intro1.tex  and  Intro1.dvi
Intro1.tex is the  actual code  for a  tex file  , and  Intro1.dvi is  the
actual output which results from Intro1.tex.

	We will go over Intro.tex one line  at a time and compare what  is
actually typed in and what results from running the file through tex.  The
first line is

	\centerline{\bf My trip to Stanford} .

	\centerline tells tex to take  whatever lies in braces and  center
it on one  line. So "My  trip to Stanford"  will occur on  one line.   \bf
tells tex to put  the text within  the braces in  bold-face type.  If  you
left out the \bf, the text would occur in normal roman type.

	Something interesting happens  if the  braces are  left out.   Tex
takes the very next thing after \centerline and centers that. In this case
without the braces tex would take the letter M , center that, and begin  a
new paragraph with "y trip  to Stanford".  \bf is  a tex command and  does
not take up any room in the line being centered.

	The placement  of braces  is very  important.  If  we include  the
opening brace but delete  the closing brace tex  won't know how much  text
you want centered and will  keep going until it  finds a closed brace.  If
tex reaches a blank line before a closing brace it will probably give  you
an error message.  If you give  tex too long  a line to  center, tex  will
center it any way and the line may extend off the page in both directions.
	If you want a long centered title for instance, you must break the
title yourself, keeping in mind both  sense and balance. Sense means  that
you shouldn't  break a  line after  a preposition,  for instance.  Balance
means that you  don't don't want  to end up  with one very  long line  and
another very  short line.  Since  tex cannot  make these  judgements,  the
breaking of a long title must be done manually.

	The next line is \vskip12pt this will cause tex to leave 12pts  of
extra space before the  next line.  12 pts  is approximately equal to  one
line of normal text.  This  can be done in the  current version of tex  by
specifying  \bigskip.    The  difference   between  these   two  is   that
\bigskip12pt will cause tex to leave EXACTLY 12 pts of space where bigskip
will leave aproximately 12 pts but may shrink or expand this slightly. Tex
stretches or shrinks the space between  lines in order to prevent  widowed
or orphaned lines (where one line of  a paragraph appears on one page  and
the rest of it occurs on another.)

	The next line says

	\rightline{Arthur Keller}

	This puts the text in braces  flush with the right-hand border  of
the text.  Then  there is  another \vskip12pt  for another  extra line  of
space.   The  v  in  vskip  stands  for  vertical,  and  and  there  is  a
corresponding hskip for extra horizontal space.

	Next there  begins a  large  section of  text.  Some of  the  text
appears in  braces with  \it preceeding  it. \it  is the  tex command  for
italics. Once again the braces tell tex how much text is to be italicized.
If no braces are  used, the rest  of the document  will be italicized.  If
your document is being set in normal roman type, then \it A,B,C,D\rm  will
have the same effect as {\it  A,B,C,D}. \it is usually preferable  however
as it causes tex to return to whatever typestyle was being used before the
occurance of the italics, even if it were something other than roman type.

	We have now seen two uses for braces. One use is in delimiting the
amount of  text to  be  operated on  by a  macro  such as  \rightline.  It
delimits the arguement.  The second use  of braces is  for delimiting  the
extent of a state changing macro. {\it changes the state to italics, and }
changes the state back.  \rightline{...} tells tex  to take the  arguement
... and put it flush right.  In \centerlin{\bf My trip...} the braces  are
doing double  duty.  When  ever  in  doubt  however,  using  extra  braces
generally won't hurt.

	 There is another use of braces in which they serve to separate two
thngs without taking up any space in the line. If for example we want to 
use the word shelflife but we don't want a ligature between the first f and
the second l we can write shelf{}life. By the time tex gets to the l in
life, it has forgotten all about the f it has just seen and no ligature will 
occur.

The things following \% are comments and won't appear in the output.
A blank line starts a new paragraph.
\' will give a forward accent over the next character and \` will give a
backwords accent over the next character, so \'e gives \'e
%????? check to be sure these end up correct.

	There are also four different kinds of horizontal bars to put in the 
middle of things. One kind is the hyphen found in compound words such as
"right-justified", you do that by using the ordinary hyphen on the keyboard.
Now suppose yu want to say "Chapters 2--4". This is not a hyphen but an
en-dash which is gotten by typing -{}- on the keyboard and is used for
ranges. We also don't want tex to break a line in between "Chapter" and
"2--4" To prevent this we use a tilda ~ to tell tex not to break there
"Chapter~2--4"